www 发表于 2013-12-3 15:27:15

禅机诗意之饮茶 “三得”

一曰得趣。饮茶可清心，能给人以满足和享受，增添生活的情趣。饮茶讲究“活火活水”，水以泉水为佳，因为泉水经过沙石岩土的过滤，吸收二氧化碳，溶解了钠、钾、钙等60多种元素，使水质洁净甘洌，营养丰富；火以木炭为上，火候以状如“蟹眼已过鱼眼生，飕飕欲作松风鸣”的三沸水为好。品茶要依靠视觉、触觉、嗅觉和味觉，凭藉自己有素的训练与长时间的体验，通过对茶叶色、香、味、形的鉴赏，才能品尝出茶汤的芳香与滋味。饮茶对人有造境、通理、体性和怡神的作用。亲朋故旧聚首，泡壶好茶，含英咀华、细细啜饮，边谈边饮、谈古道今、越谈越饮、融合轻松、意得情新，别有一番“尘心洗尽兴难尽”的雅趣，给人以一种不是神仙胜似神仙的感觉！ 二曰得神。《神农食经》上记载：“茶茗久服、令人有力，悦志。”其意思是饮茶能使人精力饱满、兴奋愉悦。饮茶的妙处在于清虚和睦。它崇尚简质恬淡，不迎合世俗的习气，而在于申明“无我”的意识，帮助人们“洗胸中之积滞、致清和之精气”，给人以一个自信而含蓄、祥和而清丽的文化氛围。人们如有机会在武夷山水濂洞下的茶馆里，用山顶“活源”流下的泉水沏一杯岩茶，观飞瀑山色，品甘冽香茗，自有一种太和之气，使人眼福口福兼而得之，顿生“气荡空谷、魂销青山”的心神胸臆！饮茶还能以“清醇恬静、自然澹泊”的神韵，使人们从古朴雄浑的中华民族传统文化之中，感悟“以茶可行道”的国饮精华，其主旨是劝告人们尊重茶礼、恪守茶德：“廉俭育德、美真康乐、和城处世、敬爱为人”，有助于社会文化的教化、和谐与稳定。 三曰得味。饮茶最讲究的就是一个“味”字。在我国宋代，人们饮茶有一条法则，谓“新茶、甘泉、器皿干净为一；天气景色宜人为二；风流儒雅、心性相同者为三。”这就是说，努力做到茶要“新、香、纯”，水要“清、洌、甘”，茶具要“小、雅、古”，环境要“清、朴、静”，才能得其真味，领悟其“清高”之道。它还要求随季节时序的更替而选择搭配茶叶和茶具。这里以八闽人士和本土产茶为例，春季饮茉莉花茶或玫瑰花茶，用青色瓷盖碗冲沏为宜；夏季饮菊花茶或玫瑰茄茶，用白瓷盖碗斟酌为好；秋季饮铁观音或水仙茶，用紫砂壶泡为上；冬季饮“三大工夫茶”（政和工夫茶、坦洋工夫茶、白琳工夫茶），用紫砂壶煨煮，做到天心、人心、茶心互相感应、贯通合一，使人们从饮茶的禅机诗意中，饮尝享有“东方美人”之称的中国茶叶的风华韵味，传承其芳泽爱心。

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